<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE ipe SYSTEM "ipe.dtd">
<ipe version="70218" creator="Codex">
<ipestyle name="basic">
  <symbol name="arrow/normal(spx)">
    <path fill="sym-stroke">-1 0 m -1.6 0.6 l -1.6 -0.6 l h</path>
  </symbol>
  <symbol name="arrow/normal(sx)">
    <path fill="sym-stroke">-1 0 m -1.2 0.4 l -1.2 -0.4 l h</path>
  </symbol>
  <pen name="heavy" value="1.6"/>
  <pen name="medium" value="1.0"/>
  <color name="electron" value="0 0.25 0.70"/>
  <color name="field" value="0.75 0 0"/>
</ipestyle>
<page>
  <layer name="alpha"/>
  <view layers="alpha" active="alpha"/>

  <!-- Conducting plates: A is positive and B is negative. -->
  <path layer="alpha" stroke="black" pen="heavy">115 225 m 115 500 l</path>
  <path layer="alpha" stroke="black" pen="heavy">500 225 m 500 500 l</path>
  <text layer="alpha" pos="90 515" size="large">Plate A</text>
  <text layer="alpha" pos="81 492" size="large">higher potential</text>
  <text layer="alpha" pos="515 515" size="large">Plate B</text>
  <text layer="alpha" pos="523 492" size="large">lower potential</text>
  <text layer="alpha" pos="101 457" size="huge">+</text>
  <text layer="alpha" pos="101 397" size="huge">+</text>
  <text layer="alpha" pos="101 337" size="huge">+</text>
  <text layer="alpha" pos="101 277" size="huge">+</text>
  <text layer="alpha" pos="486 457" size="huge">-</text>
  <text layer="alpha" pos="486 397" size="huge">-</text>
  <text layer="alpha" pos="486 337" size="huge">-</text>
  <text layer="alpha" pos="486 277" size="huge">-</text>

  <!-- Uniform electric-field vectors point from high to low potential. -->
  <path layer="alpha" stroke="field" pen="medium" arrow="normal/normal">155 450 m 460 450 l</path>
  <path layer="alpha" stroke="field" pen="medium" arrow="normal/normal">155 390 m 460 390 l</path>
  <path layer="alpha" stroke="field" pen="medium" arrow="normal/normal">155 330 m 460 330 l</path>
  <path layer="alpha" stroke="field" pen="medium" arrow="normal/normal">155 270 m 460 270 l</path>
  <text layer="alpha" stroke="field" pos="290 462" size="large">electric field, \(\mathbf{E}\)</text>

  <!-- Electron path is drawn opposite to the electric field. -->
  <path layer="alpha" fill="electron" stroke="electron">14 0 0 14 337 360 e</path>
  <text layer="alpha" stroke="white" pos="331 353" size="normal">-</text>
  <text layer="alpha" stroke="electron" pos="300 410" size="large">electron, \(q=-e\)</text>
  <path layer="alpha" stroke="electron" pen="heavy" arrow="normal/normal">430 360 m 360 360 l</path>
  <text layer="alpha" stroke="electron" pos="373 342" size="large">path \(d\mathbf{l}\), B to A</text>
  <text layer="alpha" pos="180 205" size="large">Electron moves opposite \(\mathbf{E}\), toward the positive plate.</text>

  <!-- Voltage sign convention for this directed path. -->
  <path layer="alpha" stroke="black" pen="medium">95 150 m 520 150 l</path>
  <text layer="alpha" pos="130 112" size="Large">\(V_A - V_B = -\displaystyle\int_B^A \mathbf{E}\mathbin{\cdot}d\mathbf{l} &gt; 0\)</text>
  <text layer="alpha" pos="130 82" size="large">Along B to A: \(\mathbf{E}\mathbin{\cdot}d\mathbf{l} &lt; 0\), so potential increases.</text>
</page>
</ipe>
