now do it with frequency

ce freq sim
Figure 1. CE amplifier

1. Transfer functions depend on frequency

The time is at hand. Two conductors near each other will have electric fields between them (when at different voltages, of course). Our circuits always have more than one node.

So, WELCOME CAPACITORS TO THE SHOW! …​ and wires are called “inductors,” but let’s take this one piece at a time.

  • Find the DC bias point

    • IC

    • VOUT

  • Draw the small-signal model including transistor capacitances, see transistor_2N3904_ONsemi.pdf for typical values. Then find the transfer function \(v_{\mathit{out}}(s) / v_{\mathit{s}}(s)\)

2. Small-signal model

ce freq sim ss
Figure 2. CE small-signal model with capacitances
admittance
impedance

2.1. KCL at out









2.2. KCL at base node










What happens as f → ∞?